Lanthanide contraction

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Science and technology

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What Wikipedia says

The lanthanide contraction is the steady decrease in the ionic radii of the elements in the lanthanide series, from left to right. It is caused by the imperfect shielding of the increasing nuclear charge by the 4f electrons. About 10% of the lanthanide contraction has been attributed to relativistic effects.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article “Lanthanide contraction”, under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license. Read the article on Wikipedia

Image: Albris, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.